Hubble Discovers Oldest Known Galaxy

The Hubble space telescope has discovered seven primitive galaxies formed in the earliest days of the cosmos, including one believed to be the oldest ever detected.

The discovery, announced Wednesday, is part of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field campaign to determine how and when galaxies first assembled following the Big Bang.

"This 'cosmic dawn' was not a single, dramatic event," said astrophysicist Richard Ellis with the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Rather, galaxies appear to have been formed over hundreds of millions of years.

Ellis led a team that used Hubble to look at one small section of the sky for a hundred hours. The grainy images of faint galaxies include one researchers determined to be from a period 380 million years after the onset of the universe—the closest in time to the Big Bang ever observed.

The cosmos is about 13.7 billion years old, so the newly discovered galaxy was present when the universe was 4 percent of its current age. The other six galaxies were sending out light from between 380 million and 600 million years after the Big Bang. (See pictures of "Hubble's Top Ten Discoveries.")

Baby Pictures

The images are "like the first ultrasounds of [an] infant," said Abraham Loeb, a specialist in the early cosmos at Harvard University. "These are the building blocks of the galaxies we now have."

These early galaxies were a thousand times denser than galaxies are now and were much closer together as well, Ellis said. But they were also less luminous than later galaxies.

The team used a set of four filters to analyze the near infrared wavelengths captured by Hubble Wide Field Camera 3, and estimated the galaxies' distances from Earth by studying their colors. At a NASA teleconference, team members said they had pushed Hubble's detection capabilities about as far as they could go and would most likely not be able to identify galaxies from further back in time until the James Webb Space Telescope launches toward the end of the decade. (Learn about the Hubble telescope.)

"Although we may have reached back as far as Hubble will see, Hubble has set the stage for Webb," said team member Anton Koekemoer of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. "Our work indicates there is a rich field of even earlier galaxies that Webb will be able to study."

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Mall Shooter Quit Job, Was Hawaii Bound

In the days before he stole a semiautomatic weapon and stormed into an Oregon shopping mall, killing two people in a shooting spree, Jacob Roberts quit his job, sold his belongings and began to seem "numb" to those closest to him.

Roberts' ex-girlfriend, Hannah Patricia Sansburn, 20, told ABC News today that the man who donned a hockey mask and opened fire on Christmas shoppers was typically happy and liked to joke around, but abruptly changed in the week before the shooting.

Roberts unleashed a murderous volley of gunfire on the second floor of the Clackamas Town Center on Tuesday while wearing the mask and black clothing, and carrying an AR-15 semiautomatic weapon and "several" magazines full of ammunition. He ended his barrage by walking down to the first floor of the mall and committing suicide.

READ: Why Mass Shooters Wear Masks

"I don't understand," Sansburn said. "I was just with him. I just talked to him. I didn't believe it was him at all. Not one part of me believed it."

She said that in recent weeks, Roberts quit his job at a gyro shop in downtown Portland and sold all of his belongings, telling her that he was moving to Hawaii. He had even purchased a ticket.

She now wonders if he was really planning to move.

Oregon Mall Shooting: Gunman Identified as Jacob Tyler Roberts Watch Video

Oregon Mall Shooting: Suspect Jacob Tyler Roberts Identified Watch Video

Oregon Mall Shooting: 2 Dead in Clackamas Town Center Watch Video

"He was supposed to catch a flight Saturday and I texted him, and asked how his flight went, and he told me, 'oh, I got drunk and didn't make the flight,'" she said. "And then this happens... It makes me think, was he even planning on going to Hawaii? He quit his job, sold all of his things."

Roberts described himself on his Facebook page as an "adrenaline junkie," and said he is the kind of person who thinks, "I'm going to do what I want."

Roberts, who attended Clackamas Community college, posted a picture of himself on his Facebook page firing a gun at a target. His Facebook photo showed graffiti in which the words "Follow Your Dreams" were painted over with the word "Cancelled."

Sansburn said the pair had dated for nearly a year but had broke up over the summer. Throughout their relationship, she had never seen him act violently or get angry.

"Jake was never the violent type. He didn't go out of his way to try to hurt people or upset people. His main goal was to make you laugh, smile, make you feel comfortable. I never would have guessed him to do anything like this ever," she said.

"You can't reconcile the differences. I hate him for what he did, but I can't hate the person I knew because it was nothing like the person who would go into a mall and go on a rampage. I would never associate the two at all."

The last time she saw him, which was last week, he "seemed numb," and she didn't understand why, she said.

"I just talked to him, stayed the night with him, and he just seemed numb if anything. He's usually very bubbly and happy, and I asked him why, what had changed, and said 'nothing.' He just had so much he had to do before he went to Hawaii that he was trying to distance himself from Portland," Sansburn said.

Sansburn said the last message she sent Roberts was a text, asking him to stay, and saying she didn't want him to leave. He replied "I'm sorry," with a sad face emoticon.

Police are still seeking information about what Roberts was doing in the days leading up to the shooting. They said today they believe Roberts stole the gun he used in the rampage from someone he knew. They have searched his home and his car for other clues into his motive.

Read ABC News' full coverage of the Oregon Mall Shooting

Clackamas County Sheriff Craig Roberts said earlier today on "Good Morning America" that he believes Roberts went into the mall with the goal of killing as many people as he could.

"I believe, at least from the information that's been provided to me at this point in time, it really was a killing of total strangers. To my knowledge at this point in time he was really trying, I think, to kill as many people as possible."

Sansburn said she has not talked to police.

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Slaloming robot minicopter learns from its mistakes

Sandrine Ceurstemont, editor, New Scientist TV

A pro skier is likely to have practised for years, and endured a few falls, before winning a slalom race. Now a minicopter is taking inspiration from this approach by learning from its mistakes to perfect a route through an obstacle course.

Developed by Angela Schoellig and colleagues from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, the drone initially flies between a series of poles by following a pre-computed path. But because of real-world inconsistencies, such as unpredictable aerodynamics, it will deviate slightly from the prescribed trajectory. To help it zigzag more accurately, cameras track its motion and provide feedback. "It's similar to what humans do intuitively," says Schoellig. "If a tennis player plays a ball too short, he knows that he must hit harder the next time."

By using this approach, a minicopter typically masters any obstacle course within 10 tries. Since its full trajectory is updated after each trial, several previously unknown effects can be incorporated instead of only considering a single type of error. In future versions of the system, the drone may not need to start each flight from scratch. "It would be interesting to investigate if the quadrocopter can use information obtained from learning one slalom course to start off better when learning a different course," says Schoellig.

As drones become more sophisticated, we'll be able to trust them to perform a range tasks, from flying next door to borrow a cup of sugar to decommissioning a nuclear reactor. For more about how flying robot servants will change our lives, check out our full-length feature, "Welcome to the personal drone revolution".

If you enjoyed this post, watch flying robots team up to juggle or see a swarm of minicopters perform the James Bond theme.

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Fed likely to expand QE with economy still slow

WASHINGTON: Economists expect the Federal Reserve (Fed) to add to its stimulus efforts with an expanded bond-buying program Wednesday when it concludes its last policy board meeting of 2012 amid still-slow growth.

With the US economy still sluggish despite two years and hundreds of billions of US dollars of quantitative easing (QE) operations, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is expected to stick to its guns at the end of its two day meeting.

Gathering just before its "Twist" asset-swap operation expires at year-end, signs are that the FOMC will replace it with more outright bond purchases aimed at lowering interest rates to encourage businesses to invest and hire.

With unemployment still stubbornly high, inflation low, and politicians still battling over averting the looming fiscal cliff, the FOMC has all the reason it needs to expand its QE operations.

But by how much depends on just how weak or strong the Fed's top officials judge economic growth to be.

Data released on Friday showed US unemployment rates falling to 7.7 per cent in November, which while still unhealthy seems to confirm the slow but steady downtrend in the rate.

Some economists say the figure is innately weak -- and so justifying more Fed easing -- because it has fallen in a large part because of a rise in labour market dropouts, rather than from job creation.

But others argue that, having continued to fall even after the devastating Hurricane Sandy wreaked havoc on the northeast US economy in November, the jobless rate represents a tightening of the labour market, a sign of economic resilience.

How the Fed interprets the data will be clear when it releases its policy conclusions at and its economic forecasts.

With its benchmark interest rate already at a bare-bottom 0-0.25 per cent since December 2008, the Fed's main policy tool is its bond and mortgage-backed security purchases, through which it has been holding down long-term interest rates.

The cutoff of Operation Twist, which involves swapping about US$45 billion a month in short-term assets with long-term ones, will leave the Fed with only its open-ended QE3 bond purchases in place, worth US$40 billion a month.

Public comments from a number of individual Fed officials, and the minutes of the last FOMC meeting, show support for expanding those purchases to ensure liquidity remains easy.

A wild card in all this is the Washington battle over the fiscal cliff, the automatic tax hikes and sharp spending cuts that could send the country back into recession if politicians cannot compromise.

With a deadline at the end of the year, the White House and congressional Republicans appeared still far apart on an alternative deficit reduction plan that could avert the cliff.

The Fed's Beige Book survey of regional economies, compiled to help FOMC members decide their direction, showed widespread worry among businesses over the standoff.

And in late November Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke warned that the cliff's US$500 billion crunch on the economy starting from January 1 "would pose a substantial threat to the recovery."

Asked what the central bank could do, he replied: "I don't think the Fed has the tools to offset that."

That aside, economists differ on how much new QE the Fed could add: US$45 billion a month to match the value of the Twist swaps, or less if the FOMC sees the economy gaining.

"We see some risk that the new purchase program will be somewhat smaller than the US$45 billion per month widely expected," said Jim O'Sullivan of High Frequency Economics.

"The continued downtrend in the unemployment rate is a key reason we think officials might not fully replace the amount of long-term purchases under operation Twist."

The US dollar has steadily weakened since Monday ahead of the FOMC decision, losing more than one cent to the euro to US$1.3036 early Wednesday.

But David Song, a forex markets analyst at Daily FX, was bullish on the greenback.

"It seems as though the central bank is nearing the end of its easing cycle as Chairman Ben Bernanke holds an improved outlook for 2013. In light of the more broad-based recovery in the world's largest economy, Chairman Bernanke may strike a more neutral tone for monetary policy, and a shift in central bank rhetoric may pave the way for a US dollar rally."

- AFP/jc

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Get an iPod Shuffle bundle for $39

MP3 players don't get much smaller than the iPod Shuffle.

(Credit:
Apple)

iPhones, iPads, and
iPod Touches get all the attention, but let us not forget the humble iPod Shuffle, the tiny clip-on MP3 player that's hard to beat for hiking, biking, running, and the gym.

Apple sells the Shuffle for $49, but for a limited time, Walmart has the 4th-generation iPod Shuffle 2GB and accessory kit for $39, plus sales tax where applicable. Shipping adds about $3, but you can avoid that charge by choosing store pickup or padding your cart to at least $45.

I should note that three of the seven available color choices are already out of stock; as of 9:30 a.m. ET, your remaining options are blue, black, silver, and yellow.

The Shuffle can hold hundreds of songs, and its integrated clip allows you to adhere it pretty much anywhere on your person: shorts, shirt, sleeve, coat, etc. It can play for about 15 hours before needing recharging.

The Ematic accessory kit comes with six items of varying usefulness, including an audio splitter, a
car charger, and a stereo patch cable (for plugging the Shuffle into, say, your home or car stereo). The cleaning cloth? Uh, yeah, I'll save that for my iPhone.

Needless to say, the Shuffle would make a great gift item, and if you're able to save $10 or so and grab some extra goodies, so much the better.

Bonus deal: Just now I had a
Kindle Fire HD in my Amazon shopping cart, and at checkout I was offered a year of Amazon Prime for $59, instead of the usual $79. Your mileage may vary, of course, and I'm not sure if this promotion appears only with Kindle Fire purchases or what. If you're buying from Amazon today and you see the offer as well, hit the comments and let your fellow cheeps know the details.

Bonus deal No. 2: Looking for a great gift for the sports nut in your life? Our very own CNET has the award-winning ESPN Films "30 for 30" Collector's Set on Blu-ray for $27.99 shipped. It lists for $99.99 and sells elsewhere for at least $60, so this really is a spectacular deal. But act fast: it ends tomorrow.

Deals found on The Cheapskate are subject to availability, expiration, and other terms determined by sellers.

Curious about what exactly The Cheapskate does and how it works? Read our FAQ.

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Best Space Pictures of 2012: Editor's Picks

Photograph courtesy Tunç Tezel, APOY/Royal Observatory

This image of the Milky Way's vast star fields hanging over a valley of human-made light was recognized in the 2012 Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition run by the U.K.’s Royal Observatory Greenwich.

To get the shot, photographer Tunç Tezel trekked to Uludag National Park near his hometown of Bursa, Turkey. He intended to watch the moon and evening planets, then take in the Perseids meteor shower.

"We live in a spiral arm of the Milky Way, so when we gaze through the thickness of our galaxy, we see it as a band of dense star fields encircling the sky," said Marek Kukula, the Royal Observatory's public astronomer and a contest judge.

Full story>>

Why We Love It

"I like the way this view of the Milky Way also shows us a compelling foreground landscape. It also hints at the astronomy problems caused by light pollution."—Chris Combs, news photo editor

Published December 11, 2012

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Mall Gunman Wanted to Kill 'Total Strangers'

The masked gunman who opened fire in the crowded Clackamas Town Center mall in suburban Portland, Ore., killing two and seriously injuring a third before killing himself, was trying to "kill as many people as possible."

The shooter, wearing a white hockey mask, black clothing and a bullet proof vest, tore through the mall just before 3:30 p.m. Tuesday, entering through a Macy's store and heading to the food court and public areas spraying bullets, according to witness reports.

Police have identified the gunman, but have not released his name, Sheriff Craig Roberts told "Good Morning America."

"We have been able to identify the shooter over this last night," Roberts said. "I believe, at least from the information that's been provided to me at this point in time, it really was a killing of total strangers. To my knowledge at this point in time he was really trying, I think, to kill as many people as possible."

Police have not released the names of the shooter's victims. Clackamas County Sheriff's Department Lt. James Rhodes said authorities are in the process of notifying victims' families.

The injured victim, identified by hospital officials as Kristina Shevchenko, has been taken to a hospital, according to Roberts.

PHOTOS: Oregon Mall Shooting

Craig Mitchelldyer/Getty Images

Oregon Mall Shooting: 'Killing of Total Strangers' Watch Video

Oregon Mall Shooting: Woman on Macy's Employee's Heroism Watch Video

Oregon Mall Shooting: At Least 3 People Dead Watch Video

Nadia Telguz, who said she was a friend of Shevchenko, told ABC News affiliate KATU-TV in Portland that the woman was expected to recover.

"My friend's sister got shot," Teleguz told KATU. "She's on her way to (Oregon Health and Science University Hospital). They're saying she got shot in her side and so it's not life-threatening, so she'll be OK."

Witnesses from the shooting rampage said that a young man who appeared to be a teenager, ran through the upper level of Macy's to the mall food court, firing multiple shots, one right after the other, with what is believed to be a black, semi-automatic rifle.

By 4:40 p.m., police reported finding a group of people hiding in a storeroom. In a surreal moment, even the mall Santa was seen running for his life.

"I didn't know where the gunman was, so I decided to kind of eased my way out," said the mall Santa, who the AP identified as 68-year-old Brance Wilson.

More than 10,000 shoppers were at the mall during the day, according to police. Roberts said that officers responded to the scene of the shooting within minutes, and four SWAT teams swept the 1.4 million-square-foot building searching for the shooter. He was eventually found dead, an apparent suicide.

"I can confirm the shooter is dead of an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound," Rhodes said. "By all accounts there were no rounds fired by law enforcement today in the mall."

Roberts said more than 100 law enforcement officers responded to the shooting, and the FBI and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms are working with local agencies to trace the shooter's weapon.

Cell phone video shot at the scene shows the chaos soon after the shooting. When police arrived they were met head on by terrified shoppers, children and employees streaming out. Customers, even a little girl, were being lead out with their hands up.

"I think a variety of things happened that I think this could have been much, much worse," Roberts told "GMA." "And to give you some ideas, we got the call at 3:29, we had someone on scene within a minute, 30 seconds.

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War of words: The language paradox explained

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US trade gap widens in October as exports fall

WASHINGTON - The US trade deficit widened in October as exports fell sharply from the prior month amid a slowing global economy, government data released Tuesday showed.

The trade gap increased to US$42.2 billion from a revised US$40.3 billion in September, the Commerce Department said.

Exports fell by 3.6 percent, while imports fell by 2.1 percent.

The decline in exports was the sharpest since January 2009, led by a 4.8 percent drop in goods exports.

"Trade looks to contribute slightly to US GDP growth again in the current quarter, but pronounced weakness in exports and imports says all there is to say about the US economy's momentum," said Sal Guatieri at BMO Capital Markets.

The politically sensitive trade shortfall with China, one of the United States' biggest trading partners, expanded to a record US$28.1 billion, bringing the year's 10-month total to US$245.5 billion.

The three-month average trade deficit rose to US$41.7 billion in October from US$41.5 billion in September.

- AFP/ir

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WiLAN sues RIM over BlackBerry Bluetooth technology

Research In Motion has been hit with a new lawsuit from WiLAN.

WiLAN, which derives its revenue from licensing patents to vendors, says that it filed the patent infringement claim against RIM in the Southern District of Florida. The company says that RIM is violating Patent No. 6,260,168 related to Bluetooth technologies.

WiLAN has a long history of initiating litigation to get companies to license its patents. Founded in 1992, the firm calls itself a "leading technology innovation and licensing company." According to the firm, it currently licenses its intellectual property to over 260 companies around the world that offer a range of products, including "3G and 4G handsets, Wi-Fi enabled laptops, [and] Wi-Fi and broadband routers." All told, WiLAN has over 3,000 issued or pending patents.

The Bluetooth patents, however, have proven to be one of the more popular ways for WiLAN to target vendors. In 2010, the company sued nearly 20 of the tech industry's largest companies, including Apple and Sony, for alleged infringement of Bluetooth patents.

Last year, WiLAN launched several more lawsuits against Apple, HP, Dell, and others, over their alleged violation of patents related to CDMA, HSPA, Wi-Fi, and LTE.

The new patent infringement claim against RIM claims that the handset maker's violations extend across a wide array of products, including the BlackBerry Bold and Torch. RIM's defunct BlackBerry PlayBook
tablet is also included in the filing.

WiLAN hasn't said how much it's seeking in damages.

CNET has contacted RIM for comment on the lawsuit. We will update this story when we have more information.

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